Jane Eyre Character Analysis - 1588 Words

Bertha Mason, Edward Rochester’s first wife, is generally considered the villain in the novel Jane Eyre, although, when taking a closer look at her most diabolical habit, escaping her captivity and setting fires, placing the role of the evil antagonist onto her an incorrect assumption. Jane Eyre is told through the eyes of Jane Eyre herself, in a first person account of her life. Jane, in the most nicely put way, dislikes Bertha, but understandably so. Bertha, in the eyes of the law, has the one thing Jane wants more in the world than anything else, Rochester. Because Bertha and Rochester are still technically married, Jane and Rochester cannot be together. The two lovers made it as far as the aisle before someone bothered to let Jane know†¦show more content†¦Bertha herself doesn’t do anything mad, but it is the perception of what she does that makes her appear insane. It has to be understood that she has been locked away from modern society for years on end, almost to a degree of solitary confinement by today’s standards. In 1951, McGill University signed off on a six-week study on the effects of leaving people in confined cells with moderate sensory deprivation. The study was suspended after just seven days. One week into the experiment and the participants were having visual and sonic hallucinations, and lost the ability to think clearly about anything, for any amount of time. This is what happened to Bertha. On top of that, â€Å"madness† is claimed to be hereditary in Bertha’s family, which is most likely schizophrenia or bipolar disorder, which are both common genetic disorders. Rochester subjected someone, with an already potentially fragile mind, to a state of living for years that would drive the average healthy person to the brink of madness after just one week. Bertha Mason is made the scapegoat for Rochester’s problems and is only as insane and evil as the reader perceives her to be. She most certa inly has her vendettas, but they are targeted at people or ideas, she does not aim to hurt everyone. Bertha has been vengeful toward not only Rochester, but also her family, as evident by her attacking her brother when he comes to visit, for allowing her to be kept in the state she has.Show MoreRelatedJane Eyre Character Analysis950 Words   |  4 PagesJane Eyre is one of many characters in literature that readers can show true empathy to. She is an honorable woman, humble and courageous, kind but strong-willed. While many stories rely on imperfect lead protagonists who fail in order to relate to the downtrodden nature of the human condition, Jane is altogether different. She appeals to the nobler parts of one’s self, a part that is equally common to everyone, but by which one is rarely reminded of. Jane Eyre written by Charlotte Brontà « demonstratesRead MoreJane Eyre Character Analysis1402 Words   |  6 PagesIn her novel Jane Eyre, Charlotte BrontÃ'‘ depicts the ch aracters of Jane Eyre and Bertha Mason as being negatively perceived by society, as they are both treated unfairly and are seemingly undesirable and disregarded. Looked down upon by society, they are made to feel suppressed and as if their thoughts do not matter. Such feelings of oppression seem to drive both Jane and Bertha to madness; Bertha seems to embody the inner rage that Jane tries to control within herself throughout the novel. ThroughRead MoreJane Eyre Character Analysis1064 Words   |  5 PagesCharlotte Bronte’s novel, Jane Eyre is the story of an orphaned ten-year-old girl name Jane Eyre, who overcomes abuse and neglect to discover compassion and love. Jane lives with the Reed family at Gateshead Hall, who was despised Jane, and she is bullied by Mrs. Reed and her son, John. John bullied her when she was reading the book, he threw the book at her head, John tortured Jane mercilessly and cruelly. Jane totally afraid of John, but she didn’t cry and cower un der him. She did try to avoidRead MoreJane Eyre Feminist Analysis1066 Words   |  5 Pagesnature or their intuition. Jane Eyre, a semi-autobiography by Charlotte Brontà «, is an exemplary novel where an untraditional heroine defies societal normality. The female protagonist Jane Eyre exhibits a self-created drive for personal success and a perpetual ambition to learn, characteristics customary of men. After the publication of Jane Eyre, many critics has viewed it through the feminist literary lenses, claiming it to contain biblical feminism. In the literary analysis â€Å"Charlotte Brontà «Ã¢â‚¬â„¢s Religion:Read MoreSummary of Clarkes Brontes Jane Eyre and the Grimms Cinderella1341 Words   |  6 PagesClarke, Micael M. Brontes Jane Eyre and the Grimms Cinderella. SEL: Studies in English Literature 1500-1900. 40.4 (2000): 695-710. Clarke explores the similarities and importance of Brontà «Ã¢â‚¬â„¢s use of the Grimms’ version of Cinderella within the story of Jane Eyre. She outlines how the two stories are parallel and then skillfully explores the symbolism that is present in both. Through her analysis of the ways the two stories are similar, Clarke concludes that the combination ofRead MoreLiterary Analysis : Emily, Wuthering Heights, And Jane Eyre924 Words   |  4 PagesLiterary Analysis The novels Emma, Wuthering Heights, and Jane Eyre were written by women in the 1800’s. The three writers chose to write and publish their novels under a different name from their own. Emma was written by Jane Austen, and published anonymously in 1815 (Behrens and Rosen 361). Emily Brontà « wrote Wuthering Heights, and was published in 1847 under the name Ellis Bell (Behrens and Rosen 368). The author of Jane Eyre, who was also the sister of Emily Brontà «, was Charlotte Brontà «. ThisRead MoreThe Upbringing Of Orphans By Charles Dickens And Jane Eyre1714 Words   |  7 Pagesorphans. The novels Oliver Twist by Charles Dickens 1838 and Jane Eyre by Charlotte Bronte 1847 depicted much of the 19th century working class and illustrated the treatment of orphans with different socio-economic perspectives. The role of the two orphans in the novels (Oliver and Jane) leads the reader through a maze of experiences, encountering life s threats and grasping its opportunities. The no vels show an insight of the two characters with a common childhood who were often treated with disdainRead MoreJane Eyre By Charlotte Bronte1374 Words   |  6 PagesJane Eyre by Charlotte Bronte Within the specter of the Gothic fictions arises the atmosphere of gloom, terror, and mystery with some elements of uncanny challenging reality. One major characteristic function of the Gothic fictions is to open the fiction to the realm of the irrational and perverse narratives, obsessions, and nightmarish terrors that hide beneath the literally civilized mindset in order to demonstrate the presence of the uncanny existing in the world known rationally through experienceRead MoreUse of Gothic Elements in Charlotte Brontes Jane Eyre1740 Words   |  7 PagesUSE OF GOTHIC ELEMENTS IN CHARLOTTE BRONTES ‘JANE EYRE Charlotte Brontes Jane Eyre was published in the middle of the nineteenth century. Bronte was greatly influenced by the Gothic novels that were in fashion before the time of Jane Eyre. The Gothic novel was popularised in the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries, and was defined by its use of suspense, supernatural elements, and desolate locations to generate a gloomy or chilling mood. The protagonist of the novel would generallyRead MoreUse of Gothic Elements in Charlotte Brontes Jane Eyre1729 Words   |  7 PagesUSE OF GOTHIC ELEMENTS IN CHARLOTTE BRONTES ‘JANE EYRE Charlotte Brontes Jane Eyre was published in the middle of the nineteenth century. Bronte was greatly influenced by the Gothic novels that were in fashion before the time of Jane Eyre. The Gothic novel was popularised in the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries, and was defined by its use of suspense, supernatural elements, and desolate locations to generate a gloomy or chilling mood. The protagonist of the novel would generally

The Romantic Period Free Essays

After the French Revolution, the Industrial Revolution, and other social reformations in Europe, the Romantic era emerged, shaping the literary sphere. From the Romantic the Romantic era , the Romantic Gothic subgenre evolved. Writers began to focus on the idea of revolutions, the limitless nature of human beings, the beauty of spontaneity, and the darkness of the sublime. We will write a custom essay sample on The Romantic Period or any similar topic only for you Order Now Amongst many writers during this era was Jane Austen. Historians have noticed that her writing seems â€Å"untouched by the political, intellectual, and artistic revolutions of her age,† causing many to believe that she is a Neoclassic rather than a Romantic Gothic (Abrams 16). At first glance, this accusation seems to be false; some of Austen’s novels, specifically Northanger Abbey, seem to contain Gothic characteristics; however, an in-depth analysis of Northanger Abbey suggests that Austen wrote the novel as a Gothic satire. Austen mocks the sentimental Gothic conventions of her time through the characters and setting, suggesting that she is not a Romantic. To begin, Austen uses Catherine Morland to ridicule Gothic heroines and reveal their absurd nature. In the beginning of the novel, the reader realizes that Catherine is slightly different from the typical Gothic heroine. Gothic heroines are usually depicted as beautiful, talented, and tragic. It is apparent that Catherine does not fit into this mold when Austen states that â€Å"no one who had ever seen Catherine Morland in her infancy would have supposed her born to be an heroine† (Austen 15). Catherine is described as awkward, inattentive, and stupid. She lacks femininity because she favors boyish games over dolls and sports over informative books. As she matures, she isn’t gifted, skilled, or passionate—three qualities that most Gothic heroines possess. Catherine’s days are spent reading stories about heroines, suggesting that she subconsciously wishes she were one. While Catherine shows some heroic qualities (she demonstrates courage when she moves away from her parents and when she leaves the comfort of Bath to stay at Northanger Abbey), she mostly is presented as naive and immature. Austen uses these negative qualities to make laugh at the Gothic heroines of her day. Catherine’s character demonstrates how silly Gothic heroines are when she naively accuses General Tilney of murdering his wife. She is determined to prove her accusation while staying at his manor and becomes obsessed with exploring the forbidden gallery, the place where Mrs. Tilney died. While rummaging through the gallery, she realizes that there is no evidence of Mrs. Tilney’s murder—the apartments are quite normal—and she is caught sneaking around by Henry. Henry explains that his mother’s death and criticizes Catherine’s foolish accusations and thoughts. Austen writes, â€Å"Catherine was completely awakened. Henry’s address, short as it had been, had more thoroughly opened her eyes to the extravagance of her late fancies than all their several disappointments had done. Most grievously was she humbled† (Austen 187). This brings humor into the novel and encourages readers to laugh at Catherine’s stupidity. Through Catherine’s foolishness, Austen illustrates the ridiculous nature of Gothic heroines. In addition to the character of Catherine Morland, Austen uses General Tilney’s character to further mock the Gothic genre. She presents the General as the villain, a necessary role in the Gothic novel, but she reveals at the end of the story that he is simply a protective father. The General is depicted as evil through his short temperament, his refusal to speak of his deceased wife, and his domineering personality. During Catherine’s first night at the Abbey, she witnesses the General’s anger. The novel reads that General Tilney â€Å"pulled the bell with violence† and ordered that dinner be set on the table â€Å"directly† (Austen 157). This startles Catherine and puts the General in an unfavorable light. The next day, he appears even more odd when Catherine discovers that he doesn’t have a picture of his deceased wife hanging in his room. â€Å"My father was dissatisfied with the painting,† Eleanor states to Catherine (Austen 160). Catherine notices that the General never speaks of his wife and that he avoids anything that reminds him of her. From these details, Catherine infers that the General killed his wife. Later, General Tilney seems even more evil when he orders Catherine to leave the estate immediately. Catherine calls his actions â€Å"grossly uncivil† (Austen 212). Although the General’s anger, rudeness, and strangeness towards his deceased wife make him appear as the villain, the General is in reality a normal father who misses his wife and wants the best for his children. By presenting General Tilney to be scarier than he is, Austen brings humor into the novel and mocks the Gothic convention of a villain. Along with the characters, Austen uses the setting to further poke fun of Gothic conventions. Northanger Abbey, the setting of the second half of the novel, appears to be spooky and mysterious. Austen describes the estate as â€Å"rich in gothic ornaments† and gloomy in appearance (Austen 168). On the carriage ride to Northanger Abbey, Henry scares Catherine by telling her that she will experience horrors once they arrive, making her believe that his home is haunted. Catherine falls for this joke, especially when she finds a mysterious chest in her room quarters upon arriving. Later that night, she looks into a cabinet and finds a scroll of paper. While trying to read the writing, her candle goes out. Here, Austen builds the suspension. The scene is written in a way that encourages the reader to, like Catherine, believe that Northanger Abbey is haunted. Catherine breaks into a sweat as she stands in the dark with a storm occurring outside her window. After Catherine crawls into bed, Austen writes, â€Å"Hollow murmurs seemed to creep along the gallery, and more than once her blood was chilled by the sound of distant moans† (Austen 162). It is evident that the purpose of this section is to scare the reader and present Northanger Abbey as a typical Gothic setting. By the end of the novel, the reader realizes that Northanger Abbey is not haunted. When Catherine returns to the estate, Austen writes, â€Å"The Abbey in itself was no more to her now than any other house† (Austen 198). This provides more humor to the novel as the reader realizes that the mysterious chest and the forbidden gallery aren’t as frightful as Catherine initially saw them to be. Although Austen includes Gothic conventions in her novel, she makes it apparent by the end that everything scary about Northanger Abbey (the place itself and the General) stems from Catherine’s foolish imaginations, presenting the novel as a gothic parody. Thus, while Austen initially appears to be a Romantic, she separates herself from the Romantic group by playfully using Gothic conventions to poke fun of the Gothic genre. How to cite The Romantic Period, Papers

Freedom of Speech in Music free essay sample

Is It Freedom of Speech in Music? Freedom of speech and expression are two of the mainstays that make up the very fabric of this country. Music is a form of speech that gives the artist a platform to relay their message or opinion on any given topic they choose. When tragic events happen certain songs are viewed as insensitive and in return receive no radio time or video play. By banning music containing information pertaining to the tragic event, does the tragic event disappear? The First Amendment to our Constitution allows us freedom of speech and press provided we do not violate any other laws in the process. As we shall see, there are no laws providing for music censorship. Censorship can be attributed to time as well. In the days of Elvis Presley, a pelvic gyration was deemed immoral and obscene, so therefore it was not televised. In today’s society, that same pelvic thrust is in 95% of all music videos. As Robert Gross points out, â€Å" this controversy is a replay of the age old generation gap, in a new and, perhaps, more striking form. Iron Maiden may strike today’s adults as alien to their culture, but the author suspects that a similar reaction occurred when adults first heard the lyrics to Good Golly, Miss Molly (Gross 1990). Even more ridiculous, some attacks were racially motivated. In the 50’s, petitions were passed out saying, â€Å"Don’t allow your children to buy Negro records. † The petitions referred to the raw unbridled passion of screaming people with dark skin who were going to drive our children wild. Some things never go out of fashion in certain ideological camps. They are like tenets of the faith† (Zappa 1988). Musicians are often credited for using imagery, ideas, and obscene language in their lyrics. What some deem obscene is usually a documentation of real events and real people expressed through language suited to tell the story. â€Å"Explicit sex, violence, pain, suffering, and unusual human acts are characteristics of the human drama. Lyrical content is now censored when relating to explicit sex, explicit violence, or explicit substance abuse (Baker 1989). Listeners know that lyrics can be shocking, but those same lyrics describe the harsh realities of our world and lives. Frank Zappa is a musician that had a strong influence on early rock music. He noted â€Å" f one wants to be a real artist in the United States today and comment on our culture, one would be very far off the track if one did something delicate or sublime. This is not a noble, delicate, sublime country† (Zappa 1988). Jim Walsh’s article, â€Å"Censorship in music? My, what a wonderful idea! † is an opinionated article that focuses primarily on those who tend to believe music is the re ason for all the evils that exist in the world today. Mr. Walsh’s thesis sarcastically states he is all for censorship in music because it would make everything a lot simpler. Mr. Walsh talks about all genres of music in his article, touching on several key social topics in his message. For instance, he states, â€Å"We should make sure that the words â€Å"cocaine,† â€Å"weed† and â€Å"pot† are bleeped out on the radio because if we do that, then no one will ever get it in their heads to do drugs† (Walsh, 2000). Another example Walsh uses, â€Å"We should protest Bruce Springsteen’s â€Å"American Skin (41 Shots)† and Ice T-s â€Å"Cop Killer† and pretend that police brutality and intimidation toward African-Americans is a figment of black America’s imagination† (Walsh, 2000). Controversial music is intended to reach teenagers and young adults which, ironically is the same segment of the population censorship usually tries to protect. The thinking behind censorship is, without knowledge a corresponding action will not follow. Where this thought process fails is the action is what comes first, which is then interpreted through language. As Goethe points out, â€Å"It would be a bad state of affairs if reading had a more immoral effect than life itself, which daily develops scandalous scenes in abundance, if not before our eyes than before our ears. Even with children we need not by any means be too anxious about the effects of a book or a play. As I have said, daily life is more effective than the most effective book† (Goethe 1832). Music is a very powerful medium and in some societies there have been attempts to control its use. It is powerful at the level of the social group because it facilitates communication which goes beyond words, enables meanings to be shared, and promotes the development and maintenance of individual, group, cultural and national identities† (http://musicmagic. wordpress. com) References Baker, Susan, and Tipper Gore. Record Industry Misunderstands PMRC. Billboard Magazine Vol. 101, February 11, 1989: p. 9. Retrieved December 3, 2010 from http://www. noisebetweenstations. com/personal/essays/music_censorship. html Zappa, Frank. On Junk Food for the Soul. New Perspectives Quarterly Vol. 4, Winter 1988: p. 26-30. Retrieved December 3, 2010 from http://www. noisebetweenstations. com/personal/essays/music_censorship. html Censorship in music? My, what a wonderful idea! Saint Paul Pioneer Press (St. Paul, MN). 2000. Retrieved December 03, 2010 from accessmylibrary: http://www. ccessmylibrary. com/article-1G1-122119720/censorship-music-my-wonderful. html Lombardi, Victor. â€Å"Music and Censorship†. (1991, December). Retrieved December 3, 2010 from http://www. noisebetweenstations. com/personal/essays/music_censorship. html Goethe. Dialogues with Eckermann. 1832. As cited in Oboler. Retrieved December 3, 2010 from http://www. noisebetweenstations. com/personal/e ssays/music_censorship. html â€Å"The Power Role of Music in Society†. (2008, July 10). Retrieved December 3, 2010 from http://musicmagic. wordpress. com/2008/07/10/music-in-society/

Kennedy vs Nixon free essay sample

In Richard Nixon’s political ad, â€Å"Peace,† the overall message is about experience and knowing what to do during though times. Nixons campaign tried to convey this seriousness by shooting its commercials of Nixon perched on a desk and speaking directly to the camera. In JFK’s 1960 â€Å"Debate,† political ad, he addresses the people in a snappier way, and by â€Å"facing the issues squarely. † However, neither of the candidates ads was about issues; rather, they were more contrast in styles. The messages focused on the era as a dangerous time; it was really an election about change versus experience. In Kennedy’s ad, he expresses his ideas directly, specifically, and offers â€Å"new American leadership for the country. † His tone is very magnetic and appealing, and it is quite pleasing to an American to hear that Kennedy thinks that America is a great country, but â€Å"it could be a greater† one. We will write a custom essay sample on Kennedy vs Nixon or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Whereas Nixon speaks with such composure and a serious-minded tone in his ad, it almost seems he is not excited (or even cares) to be there. The way Kennedy carries himself while giving speeches is an especially confident, poised, and self-assured one, so much that he even comments on whether if people think that America was doing everything satisfactorily, that he agreed with them, that they â€Å"should vote for Nixon†! Furthermore, on the Kennedy-Nixon debate, Kennedy appeared looking â€Å"tanned, confident, and vigorous,† while Nixon was â€Å"wearing no make up and a light-colored suit that blended into the background looking exhausted and pale, and sweated profusely. Also, Mr. Nixon’s tone is exceedingly formal, thus making him look a tad bit uncharismatic, (unlike his likable contender). His way of speaking directly to the camera and giving detailed answers to an offscreen speaker, presented him â€Å"as a though, experienced leader able to stand up to the Communists. † In general, while Nixon was not as charismatic and pleasant as JFK, he was a seasoned, experienced, and mature leader ready to stand up to Khrushchev. Moreover, Nixon kept arguing that while Khrushchev was a â€Å"cold, hard, ruthless man,† that we won’t â€Å"be coerced, that we will not tolerate being pushed around,† that he’d continue to â€Å"deal with Communism and the Soviet leaders†¦firmly, and always with vigilance. † In contrast, Kennedy attempted to turn his youth into an advantage, proclaiming in his acceptance speech at the Democratic Convention, â€Å"We stand today on the edge of a new frontier. †

Why the Cerfew Law Should Not be Passed essays

Why the Cerfew Law Should Not be Passed essays Many adults today say that all teenagers are basically immature. Just because they act, and do things differently then they did when they were younger. So then they come up with laws, stupid laws, for teenagers such as curfews. In this essay Im going to give you three good reasons why this law should not be passed. First I think that the parents should decide on whether there child should be out after 11:00 o clock or not. I feel that it would be their job to determine which time their child should be home, Because not all teenagers are irresponsible. Many teenagers are responsible, so they should be aloud to stay out longer than others should. Just for the fact of being responsible. Second, if this law was passed many kids wouldnt have a life, because they go to work right after school and get home around 7:00, they still need to get ready and leave around 8:00, and there friend lives an hour away. They get there about 9:00 and they have to leave in an hour to get home before curfew. Third, what happens if you and your friends go to a movie like Titanic for instance and we all know how long that is, you can only make the 9:15 movie but the problem is it ends at 11:30. That means your out past curfew and youre breaking the law. In conclusion I think by passing this law it will just confuse things and mess up many peoples life, and also discriminate very mature young teenagers who want a life. ...

Animals In Our Society

You may want to understand animals deeper than pop culture but to understand them based on their experience, words, emotions and explain them in a social, historical, cultural context It is impossible to understand animals to understand that we hold a mirror for ourselves when we look at animals (Corbett, 176). In most cases, they do not sell you a mousse, but what does Moose mean to you - the nature and quality of the relationship between you and most people. Recent advances in animal rights movement have brought greater visibility, compassion and behavioral opportunities to animals of every location, our society and the future. Reinterpreting the obsolete definition of control from dominant animals to responsible stewards stewarders - to protect, respect and respect lucky animals that we share on the earth - We give all our valuable careers .. fight. I have heard about the cruel act against Cecil 's lion, now infamous, Minnesota, and meaningless murder. This is a beautiful and affe ctionate temptation away from his family, slaughtered by people already known and trusted by him. His corpses remained rotten as if he were just a prize. I really do not want to. We live in a society that seems to be very worried about animal welfare. However, the actual handling of animals in our society is in sharp contrast to that statement about our concerns about their moral status. As one scholar said, He is incompatible with a kind of care and moral society, in which empathy is a good qualification. Higher standards for improving the lives of animals. One of the biggest obstacles to the protection of animals in the legal system is that they have historically been regarded as personal property under law. Animals are deemed to be the goods we own and are not worth the value we value them as property owners. This means, inter alia, that the law does not recognize animals as victims of crime, so that suffering and injuries of animals are not considered compensable. The legal defi nition of atrocities against animals reflects our social ethics in animal rights. In particular, these definitions reveal general attitudes towards animal suffering. The abbreviation of the law permits the atrocities of animals without legal sanctions and indicates that society accepts such abuse by default. Although our society recognizes the need for animal protection, animal welfare is often not the real focus of these statistics. The basic motivation of such a law is people's interest in protecting property and preventing malicious behavior. Specific statutory exemption that leads to the lack of statutory standards on activities such as anti-cruel legislation, courtly interpretation of these laws, and animal laboratory experiments shows inevitable conclusions: animals are I prefer protection of species, but I do not have legal rights. Animals In Our Society You may want to understand animals deeper than pop culture but to understand them based on their experience, words, emotions and explain them in a social, historical, cultural context It is impossible to understand animals to understand that we hold a mirror for ourselves when we look at animals (Corbett, 176). In most cases, they do not sell you a mousse, but what does Moose mean to you - the nature and quality of the relationship between you and most people. Recent advances in animal rights movement have brought greater visibility, compassion and behavioral opportunities to animals of every location, our society and the future. Reinterpreting the obsolete definition of control from dominant animals to responsible stewards stewarders - to protect, respect and respect lucky animals that we share on the earth - We give all our valuable careers .. fight. I have heard about the cruel act against Cecil 's lion, now infamous, Minnesota, and meaningless murder. This is a beautiful and affe ctionate temptation away from his family, slaughtered by people already known and trusted by him. His corpses remained rotten as if he were just a prize. I really do not want to. We live in a society that seems to be very worried about animal welfare. However, the actual handling of animals in our society is in sharp contrast to that statement about our concerns about their moral status. As one scholar said, He is incompatible with a kind of care and moral society, in which empathy is a good qualification. Higher standards for improving the lives of animals. One of the biggest obstacles to the protection of animals in the legal system is that they have historically been regarded as personal property under law. Animals are deemed to be the goods we own and are not worth the value we value them as property owners. This means, inter alia, that the law does not recognize animals as victims of crime, so that suffering and injuries of animals are not considered compensable. The legal defi nition of atrocities against animals reflects our social ethics in animal rights. In particular, these definitions reveal general attitudes towards animal suffering. The abbreviation of the law permits the atrocities of animals without legal sanctions and indicates that society accepts such abuse by default. Although our society recognizes the need for animal protection, animal welfare is often not the real focus of these statistics. The basic motivation of such a law is people's interest in protecting property and preventing malicious behavior. Specific statutory exemption that leads to the lack of statutory standards on activities such as anti-cruel legislation, courtly interpretation of these laws, and animal laboratory experiments shows inevitable conclusions: animals are I prefer protection of species, but I do not have legal rights. Animals In Our Society You may want to understand animals deeper than pop culture but to understand them based on their experience, words, emotions and explain them in a social, historical, cultural context It is impossible to understand animals to understand that we hold a mirror for ourselves when we look at animals (Corbett, 176). In most cases, they do not sell you a mousse, but what does Moose mean to you - the nature and quality of the relationship between you and most people. Recent advances in animal rights movement have brought greater visibility, compassion and behavioral opportunities to animals of every location, our society and the future. Reinterpreting the obsolete definition of control from dominant animals to responsible stewards stewarders - to protect, respect and respect lucky animals that we share on the earth - We give all our valuable careers .. fight. I have heard about the cruel act against Cecil 's lion, now infamous, Minnesota, and meaningless murder. This is a beautiful and affe ctionate temptation away from his family, slaughtered by people already known and trusted by him. His corpses remained rotten as if he were just a prize. I really do not want to. We live in a society that seems to be very worried about animal welfare. However, the actual handling of animals in our society is in sharp contrast to that statement about our concerns about their moral status. As one scholar said, He is incompatible with a kind of care and moral society, in which empathy is a good qualification. Higher standards for improving the lives of animals. One of the biggest obstacles to the protection of animals in the legal system is that they have historically been regarded as personal property under law. Animals are deemed to be the goods we own and are not worth the value we value them as property owners. This means, inter alia, that the law does not recognize animals as victims of crime, so that suffering and injuries of animals are not considered compensable. The legal defi nition of atrocities against animals reflects our social ethics in animal rights. In particular, these definitions reveal general attitudes towards animal suffering. The abbreviation of the law permits the atrocities of animals without legal sanctions and indicates that society accepts such abuse by default. Although our society recognizes the need for animal protection, animal welfare is often not the real focus of these statistics. The basic motivation of such a law is people's interest in protecting property and preventing malicious behavior. Specific statutory exemption that leads to the lack of statutory standards on activities such as anti-cruel legislation, courtly interpretation of these laws, and animal laboratory experiments shows inevitable conclusions: animals are I prefer protection of species, but I do not have legal rights. Animals In Our Society You may want to understand animals deeper than pop culture but to understand them based on their experience, words, emotions and explain them in a social, historical, cultural context It is impossible to understand animals to understand that we hold a mirror for ourselves when we look at animals (Corbett, 176). In most cases, they do not sell you a mousse, but what does Moose mean to you - the nature and quality of the relationship between you and most people. Recent advances in animal rights movement have brought greater visibility, compassion and behavioral opportunities to animals of every location, our society and the future. Reinterpreting the obsolete definition of control from dominant animals to responsible stewards stewarders - to protect, respect and respect lucky animals that we share on the earth - We give all our valuable careers .. fight. I have heard about the cruel act against Cecil 's lion, now infamous, Minnesota, and meaningless murder. This is a beautiful and affe ctionate temptation away from his family, slaughtered by people already known and trusted by him. His corpses remained rotten as if he were just a prize. I really do not want to. We live in a society that seems to be very worried about animal welfare. However, the actual handling of animals in our society is in sharp contrast to that statement about our concerns about their moral status. As one scholar said, He is incompatible with a kind of care and moral society, in which empathy is a good qualification. Higher standards for improving the lives of animals. One of the biggest obstacles to the protection of animals in the legal system is that they have historically been regarded as personal property under law. Animals are deemed to be the goods we own and are not worth the value we value them as property owners. This means, inter alia, that the law does not recognize animals as victims of crime, so that suffering and injuries of animals are not considered compensable. The legal defi nition of atrocities against animals reflects our social ethics in animal rights. In particular, these definitions reveal general attitudes towards animal suffering. The abbreviation of the law permits the atrocities of animals without legal sanctions and indicates that society accepts such abuse by default. Although our society recognizes the need for animal protection, animal welfare is often not the real focus of these statistics. The basic motivation of such a law is people's interest in protecting property and preventing malicious behavior. Specific statutory exemption that leads to the lack of statutory standards on activities such as anti-cruel legislation, courtly interpretation of these laws, and animal laboratory experiments shows inevitable conclusions: animals are I prefer protection of species, but I do not have legal rights.

Media and Organizations that influence Politics Essay

Media and Organizations that influence Politics - Essay Example On both sides of political wall the United States, the web appears to be a developing field for arranging and voicing contradiction. However our political organizations are fairly altogether dug in thus long as there isnt assembly for emotional social transform theyre very impervious to the incremental requests of discontents. Historically this has regularly been generally advantageous, and the intrinsically deliberative nature of our presidential framework doesnt generally fit quick political change. Yet, as conventional associations are undermined by their own particular delay to adjust, innovative deficiency, and enactment focusing on them, the inquiry remains exactly how Americans ought to impact their lawmakers more oftentimes than with every new decision cycle. The capability to sort out individuals productively, rapidly, semi-secretly and without dependence on conventional media has absolutely altered individuals capacity to act politically, it is not so certain what amount of this capability has affected the structures of bringing on institutional change. A mass of bodies, firm requests and the influence to compel foundations to offer into those requests appears to be as discriminating as ever. The United States’ media in is manned by the private division and confronts no political control by the administration. There is a solid custom of autonomous daily papers, magazines, TV, radio, and different manifestations of media publicizing changing assessments, both basic and steady of government arrangement. The media serves no less than three vital capacities in affecting open arrangement. Initially, arrangement producers are under consistent examination by the far reaching media industry. Open authorities understand that just about whatever thing they do or utter even in secrete can show up in the media,

Managment Audit of Wal-Mart Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Managment Audit of Wal-Mart - Essay Example A management audit would help to determine whether Wal-Mart is a destructive force or is good for the local economy. While it is generally believed that a population of 100,000 was necessary for a discount store to be viable Wal-Mart argued that if prices were right, the stores could attract people from a wider area (Grant, 2002). Wal-Mart chose isolated rural towns and national brands at low prices. Each store of Wal-Mart has the discretion to place orders with the vendors directly and receive supplies also directly. This strategy of decentralization leads to efficiency in terms of time and administrative costs apart from making the employees feel ‘associates’ and not wage earners. Wal-Mart has the image of a friendly, all-American company employing happy workers and smiling greeters who are eager to help and grateful to work at Wal-Mart (Bianchi & Swinney, 2004). Wal-Mart started off as an entrepreneurial venture but Wal-Mart’s Sam Walton, while constantly upgrading and expanding did not ignore the need to identify and groom a successor. A corporate culture encourages the employees and managers to consider the customer the focus of business. The customer is the king was the policy at Wal-Mart. Wal-Mart has helped to hold down inflation in US. Wal-Mart is responsible for about 12% of the economy’s productivity gains in the second half of the 1990s (Fishman, 2003). Wal-Mart believes in constantly learning and improving, conscious of the fact that competitors would stay. They are always alert at finding and implementing new retail concepts. They concentrate on each store depending on its location. The merchandise is available according to the need of that community. The associate in charge of that store is given incentives to plan out promotional campaigns for a given period for the product suitable to local adaptation. Human resource management is a stronghold of Wal-Mart as right from the inception they did not believe in

The Imperial Presidency in 20the century United States Essay Example for Free

The Imperial Presidency in 20the century United States Essay The term Imperial Presidency is a contemporary description of the United States Presidency that started in the 1960s. The term inspired historian Arthur M. Schlesinger, jr. to write a book with a similar title in 1973. The term and the book were grounded on the same motives, primarily is for the rising issue regarding the presidents political outrage, the second is the presidents violation of the constitution in terms of power limitations. The presidency is dubbed as imperial if ever a particular president exercises power beyond what is written and allowed by the constitution. The responsibility of the president to the congress, supreme court, the media and the citizens have been modified slowly through the years. Hence, what is seen to be in a standard context is antithetic to what was originally legislated. The twentieth century was the advent of drastic change in American Presidency and history. This became more concrete upon Theodore Roosevelts deployment of forces to the Caribbean Islands subsequently establishing a new form of government with the absence of the congress blessing. The occupation was covered countries such as Cuba, Dominican Republic, Colombia, Honduras and Panama. The year 1927 saw another unconstitutional practice of the presidency when then U. S president Calvin Coolidge dispatched 5000 soldiers for another occupation in the country of Nicaragua. Coolidge was deemed as a rigid constructionist when it comes to other concerns. Franklin Roosevelts entrancing presidency in the midst of the Great Depression and the second World War paved the way for some major changes in the position. The rise of electronic media, the establishment of new agencies as part of the administrations platform, a diverse group of advisors and the Executive Office of the President gave life to the new context of presidency, thus, creating a huge transmutation. In 1939, President Roosevelts declaration of the limited national emergency gained him additional powers. A couple of years later, Roosevelt then affirmed that America was in a state of unlimited national emergency, which obviously earned him more authority. The two declarations gave the president the privilege to prehend property, organize and control means of production, initiate martial law, control over transportation and communication as well as institute totalitarian will over private endeavor and the populace. The end of World War II continuously gave president Harry Truman major influences, thus, unconstitutionally manipulating the congress once again by the exaggeration on the aid requirements of Greece and Turkey in his Truman Doctrine. 1950 saw the congress was again taken for granted when president Truman sent U. S forces to participate in the Korean War. Truman was frightened by the national scale revolt of the steel industry. He believed that such revolt may result to a disability of the military to fight in the Korean War. He decreed that the steel companies be controlled by the secretary of commerce, again without the permission of the congress. This act was contested by the supreme court, stating that the president was unconstitutional and the Commander-in-Chief authority of the president does not apply on domestic concerns. The Truman administration drafted additional presidential treaties which provided more authority to the president and diminished the congress sovereignty, which included intervention of international affairs. In the 1960s, the Johnson government upholded the trashing of the congress by sending soldiers to the Dominican Republic and Vietnam. The Vietnam war only tallied death tolls equal to that of the Civil and World Wars. The Tonkin Gulf Resolution saw the transfer of military powers from the congress to the president. The succeeding decade bequeathed no change on the superiority complex of a United States President as Richard Nixon as the bloodbath in Vietnam continued. Nixons rule also dug the private lives of the Americans through espionage and intelligence which led to his overthrow. The invasion of Panama under Bush command offered more maltreatment to the congress as well as the Gulf war in the 90s. His successor Bill Clinton only practiced imperialism through the affair with Whitehouse intern Monica Lewinsky. Current president George W. Bush implemented Imperial Presidency by waging war with Iraq and Afghanistan. Works Cited Schlesinger, Arthur M. , Jr. , The Imperial Presidency. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company, 1973 Rudalevige, Andrew. . The New Imperial Presidency: Renewing Presidential Power after Watergate Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 2005. Wolfensberger, Donald R. â€Å"The Return of the Imperial Presidency? † Wilson Quarterly. 26:2 (2002) p. 37 Stolberg, Sheryl Gay and Jeff Zeleny, Bush Vetoes Bill Tying Iraq Fund to Exit New York Times, 1 May, 2007 Barilleaux, Ryan J. and Mary E. Stuckey. Leadership and the Bush Presidency: Prudence or Drift in an Era of Change. New York: Praeger. 1992. Feingold, Henry M. The Politics of Rescue: The Roosevelt Administration and the Holocaust, 1938–1945. New Jersey: New Brunswick, 1970 Bernstein, Barton J. (1970). Politics and Policies of the Truman Administration, Second edition, Ed. Franklin Watts

Photosensitive Epilepsy :: Biology Essays Research Papers

Photosensitive Epilepsy A 17-year-old girl falls to the floor. She was playing the video game Dark Warrior. Her father, who is a video game repairman, fears that she has been electrocuted. The girl has fanatically played one game after another for years, and nothing like this has happened before. She is rushed to the hospital where doctors determine that she has had an epileptic seizure. An unusual bright flashing sequence in the game seems to have set her off (1) . Two 13-year-old girls are playing Super Mario Brothers. When the pace of the action picks up in the third straight hour of their play, one girl starts to shake and, for three minutes, has nonstop epileptic seizures (1) . Six hundred eighty five Japanese people ranging in age from five to fifty-eight suffer spasms, convulsions, vertigo, and breathing difficulty while watching a colorful cartoon program. Doctors determine that most were suffering from epileptic seizures induced by a flashing white light sequence during the show (2) . In the United States, there are close to one million people with epilepsy-- about 1 in 200 people around the world have epilepsy. For most of those people, video game playing and watching television are not a risky activities. The flashing patterns of certain games and television shows trigger epileptic seizures in only 5% of epileptics (1) . Photosensitive epileptics have with a peak age of onset of 10-14 years, are mostly woman, and experience a decline in the photosensitivity after 25 years of age (3) . In normal brain function millions of tiny electrical charges pass from nerve cells in the brain to all parts of the body. In patients with epilepsy, this normal pattern is interrupted sometimes by sudden and unusually intense bursts of electrical energy, which may briefly affect a person's consciousness, bodily movements, or sensation (4) . During a seizure, nerve cells in the brain fire electrical impulses at a rate of up to four times higher than normal. This causes a sort of electrical storm in the brain (5) . A pattern of repeated seizures is referred to as epilepsy (4) . Seizures cause different physical effects depending on which parts of the brain are involved and how far the signals fan out. Some people have violent seizures that knock them to the floor unconscious and twitching. Others experience less severe seizures that may only blank them out for a few seconds or more.

Pilot Judgment and Aeronautical Decision Making; Naturalistic Decision Making

The main causes of accidents in aeronautical decision making to a great extent dwell on the judgment of the pilot. Experienced pilots know that timely decision making leaves one with more options of future decisions to make. The inevitable losses that may result from imminent danger are often avoidable in cases where the pilot’s intuition is on high. Everybody wins when a good and timely decision is taken.The premise of this technical paper focuses on the causes of fatal accidents in pilots’ decision making process. It draws resource from various primary sources, which include conference proceedings, symposia, journals and actual research work results. It maintains that the best decisions are reached before the take-off time of the flight schedule.The procedure of work engages a unique mix of Intellectual discoveries in balance with actual practical on-site decision making procedures with simulated Situation Deteriorations for pilots.The work concludes that since of 32 pilots, over two-thirds continued in deteriorating weather situation, critical examination of Situation Deterioration may lead to safer thought options.IntroductionAeronautical Decision Making (ADM) is a methodical approach to the mental procedure used by pilots of airplanes to consistently find out the best course of action in response to a given set of circumstances.ADM is a systematic and intelligent approach to the mental process used by pilots to consistently determine the best course of action in response to a given set of circumstances. In other words, the entire goal of good decision making is in actual fact doing the right thing, and at the right time. It is however also worthy of note that poor decision is the chief basis for every form of accident.Poor decision making is the root cause of aviation accidents. The poor judgment chain, sometimes referred to as the â€Å"error chain,† is a term used to describe this concept of contributing factors in a human factors-re lated accident. Breaking one link in the chain normally is all that is necessary to change the outcome of the sequence of events (FAA-H-8083-25, 2003).Naturalistic decision making (NDM) falls clearly within the realm of bounded rationality. It is the art of making decisions with limited time, knowledge, and other resources. NDM deals with real world tasks rather than with classical decision experiments. For it to be, valid models have to describe what information the decision making process actually seeks, how they interpret it, and which decision rules they actually use (Todd & Gigerenzer, 2001).Goh and Wiegmann, (2001) reported a study on the degree to which situation assessment, risk perception and motivation shape pilots’ decisions to go on with or redirect from adverse weather conditions, making use of a dynamic simulation of a visual flight rules (VFR) flight into instrument meteorological conditions (IMC)Situation in which weather-related factors change over time, wher e thirty-two non-instrument rated pilots (age ranging from 18 to 47 years; median age being 19 years) from the University of Illinois’ pilot training program actively participated in the study.The median entire VFR flight experience of the thirty-two pilots was sixty hours (ranging from 30 to 259.4 hours). All the pilots had flown at least one cross-country flight (median being 3; ranging from 2 to 13) as at the time the study was being carried out. Only fourteen pilots had definite instrument flight rules (IFR) experience, which ranged from 0.3 to 10 hours.The result of the experiment showed that of the total of 32 pilots, 22 (which accounts for 68.75% – more than two-thirds) chose to fly into the worsening weather condition, while the rest 10 (that is 31.25%) made a decision to divert.The findings revealed a proportion that exceeded chance expectations as shown by a Chi-square analysis, χ2(1) = 4.5, p

American Beyond the Color Line

n | American Beyond the Color Line| | | Lashekia Stanley| 3/7/2013| | Marlon Marshall in my opinion wasn’t serious about the juvenile program. You can tell that he really loved what he do as in selling drugs. Marlon loved how much money that was coming in everyday; he isn’t ready to give up that kind of lifestyle just yet. He basically states that he’s still selling drugs while he’s in the juvenile program.I think he wants to do better in life, but the only thing he knows is what he grew up around. Once he returns home he cannot violate any of his probation meaning: Getting arrested for a new offense while on probation. Failure to pay your fines, failure to perform or complete community service as instructed, failure to appear in court to show progress the probationer made on probation. ailure to submit paperwork to court, failure to report to probation officer as scheduled, failure to pay probation fees to the probation department, failure to submit drug test, failure to submit to search and seizure by police officers of your home or vehicle. If he fail or violate any of his probation, the court may extend his probation, charge added probation terms, he will have to serve a brief time in jail, or revoke his probation altogether and require you to serve out any remaining time of his beginning sentence in prison.As far as Marlon future his goals was to go to college and enter the Police Academy. At the rate he is going his future won’t be so bright if he’s going to continue to sell drugs. To become a police officer you cannot have any kind of misdemeanor or felonies on your record. To better his future, I hope he change, have a turn around, become successful, and reach his goals. Resource Thomson, R. (2012). Probation violation. Retrieved from http://criminal. findlaw. com/criminal-charges/probation-violation. html

Problem of evil Essay Example

Problem of evil Essay Example Problem of evil Paper Problem of evil Paper A) Objections Arising from Evil in the World, explain what is meant by this claim The word evil is a word which can be used very loosely, usually used to describe something we think to be morally wrong, something that when in inflicted on a person causes pain and suffering. However, if an evil act is committed by someone who has been in all other aspects good, does this act make this person evil? There are many different situations where evil acts could be done all with different circumstances and consequences. For example; at Auschwitz, so many guards were involved in the slaughter of massive amounts of Jews but it seems unlikely that all of them were evil. The actions may be considered evil but they were normalised by the sense of responsibility felt by the guards. In their eyes, they were carrying out a duty so the question of whether they are to be labelled evil is indefinite. There are two recognised categories which evil can fall under: Moral evil and Natural evil. Richard Swimburne, a modern day philosopher describes moral evil as including all evil caused deliberately by humans doing what they ought not to do, and also the evil constituted by such deliberate acts or negligent failure. It is the result of a human action which is morally wrong, such as murder or war. Natural evil is the result of apparent malfunctioning in the natural world, it is according to John Hick the evil that originates independently of human actions. It is in disease, in bacilli, in earthquakes, in storms, and in droughts. The fact that evil, or suffering is an undeniable factor in our lives presents an array of problems in todays world where there is a strong belief by many of a higher power which should in theory, be able to eradicate it from the world or in fact never have let it come to exist in the first place. For believers in the God of Classical Theism, this problem of evil as it is often referred to, creates a serious dilemma. Moral evil is an easier problem to tackle for a theist than that of Natural evil, as it can be said that it occurs from the misuse of freewill, but they are still faced with justifying the existence of Natural evil. If God created the world from nothing, then there is nothing beyond His control so for whatever reason, God must be the creator of evil and suffering. A theist can sometimes be faced with justifying both types of evil as natural evils like tsunamis and hurricanes are often the cause of people committing moral evils like looting. The problem is not easily justifiable and is illustrated in The Inconsistent Triad, which states the points: God is omnipotent and omniscient (A), God is all-loving (B), and evil exists (C). These three statements cannot all be true so it would seem that one of them is false, but since we know evil and suffering exist the inconsistency must lie in one of the other 2 points. The conclusions drawn from this are that either God is not omnipotent and cannot stop evil from existing, or that God is not all-loving and chooses not to stop evil existing, or that in fact God does not exist. This can be used as an argument for the non-existence of God. A quote from Swimburne on the Problem of Evil, There is a problem about why God allows evil, and if the theist doesnt have (in a cool moment) a satisfactory answer to it, then his belief in God is less than rational and there is no reason why the atheist should share it. An example of the problem being used in this way is in Humes combat of Thomas Aquinas Design Argument (Summa Thelogica) where he labels the Problem of Evil as The Rock of Atheism. However, whilst being a problem for theists in that it challenges the nature of God, it also poses problems in other ways. It presents itself as a philosophical problem as it compels the believer to accept conflicting claims that are logically impossible to reconcile. It is also a diverse problem; evil manifests itself in many different ways, demanding separate explanations. The problem of evil has proved itself to be a challenging problem, as it is not just going to disappear, evil and suffering are objective realities which are almost impossible to deny. B) Unpack two theodicies and analyse which how successful these are As I said, the justification of Gods allowance for the existence of evil is not easy, but there are many theodicies which have developed that provide strong arguments. A theodicy is a theory that justifies why God allows evil without qualifying the attributes of the God of Classical Theism. Two of which are those of Augustine and Irenaeus. Augustines theodicy has had considerable influence over many scholars since it was developed and attempts to provide justification for both moral and natural evil. According to Augustine, the perfect God created a flawless world where evil and suffering did not exist, and that God is not responsible for the existence of evil as it is not a substance, but in fact a deprivation of good. He uses an analogy of blindness to illustrate his meaning, as blindness itself is not an entity but an absence of sight. Augustine claims that evil comes from angels and humans who have deliberately turned against God and abused his gift of freewill. He states that evil is necessary in a created world as only the uncreated creator can be perfect, his creations are susceptible to change. Augustines idea on the existence of Natural evil is that it exists as a punishment for the Original Sin, which we are all guilty of as we were all seminally present in Adam at the time it was committed. Natural evil punishes us for the destruction of the natural order by human action. For these reasons God is right not to intervene and the fact that he does save some through Christ emphasises His mercy. God would be justified in sending everyone to hell for being guilty of the Original Sin, the fact that some go to heaven shows Gods goodness. Augustines theodicy has some substantial strengths, as is proved by its popularity. Brian Davies is an example of a scholar who supports his claim that evil is only a deprivation of good rather than having a proper existence, he said it is a gap between what there is and what there ought to be. To criticise would be to say that God should have created more than he did which doesnt make sense; how is anyone to know how much more should have been created. Augustines views on evil being a product of freewill have also been upheld. Despite its strengths, Augustines theodicy has many holes in it to be addressed, it contains logical, scientific, and moral difficulties. Augustines concept of Hell comes under scrutiny; Hell is part of Gods design of the universe, so it was created before the worlds flaws began to appear, which means that God must have anticipated and accepted that the world would go wrong. F.D.E Schleiermacher expresses his logical contradiction to Augustines views on the origin of evil and a perfect world going wrong, Schleiermacher informs us that whether evil is a deprivation or not it is still real and it is therefore logically impossible for it to just come out of nothing. This means that evil must be connected to God and he either never created the world perfect or he made it so it was able to falter. Another logical difficulty of this theodicy comes of the capacity to do evil in a perfect world and disobey God, as in a perfect world no knowledge of good and evil should exist. The knowledge of them could only come from God. Scientific difficulties stem from the modern worlds concept of evolution; the idea of a perfect world being damaged by humans does not allow for evolution. Moreover, Augustine refers to the Garden of Eden in his theodicy, and this paradise is hard to accept on the basis of evolution. A final difficulty lies with the concept of us all being seminally present in Adams loins, this is biologically impossible so we cannot all be responsible for the Original Sin. From comparing the strengths with the criticisms we can see that Augustines theodicy ultimately fails. The theodicy of Irenaeus is another which provides a formidable answer to the question of why God allows evils existence. As said by Irenaeus, Gods aim when creating the world was to make humans in his likeness, but to do this, humans could not be made perfect but had to develop through free will. It was therefore necessary for God to give us free will and therefore necessary to give us the potential to turn against him. If he didnt enable this, we could never attain Gods likeness as according to Ireneaus it requires willing co-operation. The natural order had to be designed in a way where humans could cause harm, which they did resulting in suffering, but God still cannot compromise our freedom by removing evil. Ireneaus claims that the evil and suffering will eventually be overcome and everyone will attain Gods likeness and reside in Heaven. This justifies temporary evil, which if complying with Ireneaus thought enables the understanding of good. Many philosophers have added to Ireneaus theodicy including John Hick (who claims that good developed from free will is better than ready-made goodness), and Peter Vardy who used an analogy of a king to illustrate this where a king falls in love with a peasant girl but rather than imposing his power on her and forcing him to marry her, he wins her over. They both believe that without development our goodness would be without value, we would be automatons. According to this theodicy, humans had to be created imperfect to be able to go against God, and they had to be created at a distance from God so they could decide for themselves to believe in him. If we were sure he was there, there would be no free will, John Hick called this the epistemic distance. If God wasnt separated from humans we would know he was real and would live a good, moral life because we would know that it is in our best interests, it wouldnt be real goodness. Humans also couldnt be created in a paradise or else qualities such as courage would not be attainable and there would be no development as good and evil would be indistinguishable. The theodicy justifies natural evil as it makes the world well adapted to soul making (John Hick). The Modern Additions to this theodicy claim that heaven is the eventual goal for everyone for three reasons; a future in heaven is the only justification for the suffering of the world. Secondly, if life were to end in death Gods purpose would be unfulfilled since we would not be reaching our goal of becoming Gods likeness. Lastly, nobody can be overlooked as evil acts are carried out in different circumstances for different people. For example, someone who was abused while being raised is much more likely to be abusive as an adult, it is something they are used to and have become desensitised to. There are solid criticisms of Irenaeus theodicy as well as Augustines: For example, everyone going to heaven defies religious texts as well as making it pointless to live a moral life, why bother if you are going to heaven anyway? It also takes away the incentive to develop into Gods likeness which Irenaeus regarded of utmost importance. Another critique is of the level of suffering needed to make the world adapted for soul making, e.g. Was the Holocaust really necessary? Finally, it can be said that love can never be expressed through suffering, supported by D.Z Philips who said it is not justifiable to hurt someone to help them. To conclude, neither of these theodicies can be considered perfect by any means, but Ireneaus is the stronger of the two. Where Augustine fails to provide room for belief in evolution, Ireneaus manages it and while Augustine cannot provide a logical explanation for the origin of evil, Irenaeus provides a stable reason for it. It is also popular, like Augustines for its views on free will.

The concept of genre in studying Die Hard. (1988) Assignment

The concept of genre in studying Die Hard. (1988) - Assignment Example 67). In order for a successful Action film, the expectations of the readers ought to be fulfilled to enable the listeners to be fascinated and interested. Action is the most appropriate genre that I have chosen with respect to the Die Hard film of 1988. The entire movie is an action genre movie. Genres in respect to film are diverse forms of recognizable classifications of films recurrent with similar acknowledgeable patterns, syntax and filming conventions that include: backgrounds and props, substance and subject matter, themes, period, mood, motifs, structures, plot, circumstances, central narrative events, recurring icons, characterizations and stars. Numerous films are viewed as hybrids because they include multiple film genres. With regards to definitions, genre itself is a French word meaning type or kind. It can, therefore, be said the kind of a movie is principally the type or category a movie falls into for instance Comedy, action, western, thriller, horror and numerous others (Wright, 2004 p. 35). Genres are also sub-classified according to unique qualities for example horror genre, sub-classes are the supernatural, gothic, ghost films, occult, monster movies, slashers, psychological horror, body horror, gore movies, splatter and many others (Dixon, 2000 p. 101). Some film professionals develop new genres and sub-genres to explain amalgamation of films such as action comedies. Universally, nonetheless, many films created in a given type, for instance, film noir follow the fundamental construction and plot shapes of that particular kind. Genres assist the audience in movie choice as well as indicate for whom a given film was created and what they should anticipate seeing for instance in an action film such as the Die hard, the audience expect to see hard work that involve, use of heavy artillery, use of choppers, massive destruction of vehicles,

Devonport Dockyard loss of power 'had nuclear' implication Case Study

Devonport Dockyard loss of power 'had nuclear' implication - Case Study Example Failure of power can have serious implications (Sarkisov & Du Clos, 1999, p, 43). Greenpeace (2013) indicates that such failures can be disastrous such as what happened in Fukushima in 2011. The story was posted online by the British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) on october7, 2013, for its readers, who access this particular media online. The sources of the content of this story include a report from a Ministry of Defense (MoD) (BBC, 2013). Another source for this article’s content was a nuclear analyst who said that the 90-minute power loss, at Devonport in Plymouth, could have been catastrophic. Also, the Office of Nuclear Regulation (ONR) contributed to the content of the story by issuing an Improvement Notice (Office for Nuclear Regulation, 2013). The report from internal investigation done by Babcock Marine has also been used in this article (Maritime Security, 2013). The online post of this news article has included pictures showing nuclear submarines in the dockyard and Babcock Marine. These two pictures represent the objects that are important to the story. According to Gilbert (2009, p, 32), in addition to having news leads, articles should have description leads that set the scene of a story and show a picture of someone or something that is important to the story,. The incident has been compared with the Fukushima incident (Mullen & Ogura, 2013). The story is of extreme interest to the readers because of their need to know the possible implications of the event. It has also been given priority because it occupied almost three-quarters of the web page. Headlines are bold and noticeable, and photographs have been included. However, according to the article, past events were revealed involving safety measures. The Devonport Royal Dockyard was served with an Improvement Notice and claimed that there was no immediate safety impact. Devonport Roy al Dockyard Limited was aware of the loss of electrical power, and it was satisfied that